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norskBlar i forfatter "Simonsen, Gunnar Skov"
Viser treff 1-20 av 49
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Age- and Gender-Associated Staphylococcus aureus spa Types Found among Nasal Carriers in a General Population: the Tromsø Staph and Skin Study.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2011)Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriers risk autoinfection; however, knowledge about the factors that make specific strains successful colonizers is limited. This study was undertaken to identify the most successful S. aureus clones in nasal carriers and compare their distribution among host groups. The population structure of S. aureus isolates from healthy adults was investigated by spa typing 1,981 ... -
Antibiotics to outpatients in Norway—Assessing effect of latitude and municipality population size using quantile regression in a cross-sectional study.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2017-09-29)High antibiotic consumption rates are associated to high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Geographical differences in dispensing rates of antibiotics are frequently analysed using statistical methods addressing the central tendency of the data. Yet, examining extreme quantiles may be of equal or greater interest if the problem relates to the extremes of consumption rates, as is the case for ... -
Antibiotikaresistens - Kunnskapshull, utfordringer og aktuelle tiltak. Status 2020.
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2021)Antimikrobiell resistens (AMR) er en global trussel mot helse og velferd hos mennesker og dyr. Den grunnleggende forståelsen av AMR har ikke endret seg over det siste tiåret, men vi har fått mer detaljert innsikt i hvordan resistens oppstår, selekteres og kan spre seg innad hos og mellom mennesker, dyr og i miljøet. Det er nødvendig å se utfordringene knyttet til AMR i et helhetlig Én helse - ... -
Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinically important bacterial pathogens at the Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-01)Background The aim of this prospective study was to ascertain antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinical bacterial pathogens from in-hospital adult patients at a tertiary hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. Methods<p> <p>Clinical specimens (blood culture, pus, urine and cerebrospinal fluid) collected during June to December 2017 were examined for bacterial growth in standard aerobic conditions. One ... -
Attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the EU and the European Economic Area in 2015: a population-level modelling analysis
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2018-11-05)<i>Background</i> - Infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening modern health care. However, estimating their incidence, complications, and attributable mortality is challenging. We aimed to estimate the burden of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria of public health concern in countries of the EU and European Economic Area (EEA) in 2015, measured in number of ... -
Årlig driftsrapport 2017. Norsk overvåkingssystem for antibiotikaresistens hos mikrober (NORM)
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2018)NORM har i 2017 ferdigutviklet og publisert en egen interaktiv kartløsning, NORM-atlas, for presentasjon av NORM-databasen online. I det web-baserte NORM-atlaset kan man lage en tilpasset og dynamisk rapport for forekomst av antibiotikaresistens ved å velge geografisk område og tidsperiode i tillegg til type klinisk isolat, mikrobe og antimikrobielt middel. Denne nye applikasjonen gjør det raskt og ... -
Burden, antibiotic resistance, and clonality of shigella spp. Implicated in community-acquired acute diarrhoea in Lilongwe, Malawi
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-04-28)Although numerous studies have investigated diarrhoea aetiology in many sub-Saharan African countries, recent data on <i>Shigella</i> species’ involvement in community-acquired acute diarrhoea (CA-AD) in Malawi are scarce. This study investigated the incidence, antibiotic susceptibility profile, genotypic characteristics, and clonal relationships of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> among 243 patients ... -
Circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a general female population
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-02)<p>Objective: <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a major human pathogen, and nasal carriers have an increased risk for infection and disease. The exploration of host determinants for nasal carriage is relevant to decrease infection burden. Former studies demonstrate lower carriage prevalence in women and among users of progestin-only contraceptives. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible ... -
Circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a general male population
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-04-22)Male sex is associated with higher risk of both colonisation and infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). However, the role of sex-steroids in colonisation among men is largely unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between circulating sex-steroids and nasal carriage of S. aureus in a general male population. The population-based Tromsø6 study (2007–2008) ... -
Cluster of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST117 in Norwegian hospitals
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2014-08-19)A linezolid-resistant, vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium strain was isolated from 3 patients who had not received linezolid. The first patient was hospitalized in the same hospitals and wards as the 2 following patients. The E. faecium isolates were resistant to linezolid (minimum inhibitory concentration 8–32 mg/l), ampicillin, and high levels of gentamicin. Resistance to linezolid was ... -
Community carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: a cross-sectional study of risk factors and comparative genomics of carriage and clinical isolates
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-06-12)The global prevalence of infections caused by extended-spectrum βlactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) is increasing, and for Escherichia coli, observations indicate that this is partly driven by community-onset cases. The ESBL-E population structure in the community is scarcely described, and data on risk factors for carriage are conflicting. Here, we report the prevalence and population ... -
Culturing periprosthetic tissue in BacT/Alert® Virtuo blood culture system leads to improved and faster detection of prosthetic joint infections
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2019-07-10)<i>Background</i> - Blood culture bottles (BCBs) provide a semiautomated method for culturing periprosthetic tissue specimens. A study evaluating BCBs for culturing clinical samples other than body fluids is needed before implementation into clinical practice. Our objective was to evaluate use of the BacT/Alert® Virtuo blood culture system for culturing periprosthetic tissue specimens. <p> ... -
Driftsrapport 2018 - Norsk overvåkingssystem for antibiotikaresistens hos mikrober NORM
(Research report; Forskningsrapport, 2019)Driftsrapporten er en standardisert rapport som gir grunnlag for en samlet oversikt over driften av helseregistrene Folkehelseinstituttet er dataansvarlig og databehandler for. Driftsrapporten brukes også blant annet til å oppfylle enkelte av helseregistrenes forskriftsfestede meldeplikt til Datatilsynet. -
Early sexual behaviour and Chlamydia trachomatis infection - a population based cross-sectional study on gender differences among adolescents in Norway.
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2012)Early sexual behaviour has been shown to differ significantly between genders, but few studies have addressed this topic to explain the commonly observed differences in chlamydia rates between adolescent girls and boys. Our study aimed to determine chlamydia prevalence in adolescents aged 15–20 years in a high-incidence area in Norway, and to identify gender-specific early sexual behaviours associated ... -
Emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infections in Norway in 2002–17: a nationwide, longitudinal, microbial population genomic study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2021-05-10)Background - The clonal diversity underpinning trends in multidrug resistant Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infections remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the contribution of individual clones to resistance over time, using large-scale genomics-based molecular epidemiology.<p> <p>Methods - This was a longitudinal, E coli population, genomic, cohort study that sampled isolates from ... -
Epidemiological and molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage strains in pre-school children in Arkhangelsk, northern European Russia, prior to the introduction of conjugate pneumococcal vaccines
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2020-04-15)<p><i>Background - </i>The 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-13) was introduced in the National Immunization Programme (NIP) schedule in Russia in March 2014. Previously, the 7-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-7) was marketed in Russia in 2009 but has never been offered for mass vaccination. A carriage study was performed among children in Arkhangelsk in 2006. The objective was ... -
Evaluation of the One Health-Ness of 20 Years of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-06-21)We evaluated the One Health-ness (OH-ness) of the surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Norway by using the recently developed “Evaluation tool for One Health epidemiological surveillance capacities and capabilities” (OH–EpiCap tool). First, we defined the Norwegian AMR surveillance system that we would evaluate. The tool was applied by a group of stakeholders (key persons in the ... -
Expert guidance on target product profile development for AMR diagnostic tests
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2023-12-18)Diagnostics are widely considered crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is expected to kill 10 million people annually by 2030. Nevertheless, there remains a substantial gap between the need for AMR diagnostics versus their development and implementation. To help address this problem, target product profiles (TPP) have been developed to focus developers’ attention on the ... -
Explaining sex differences in risk of bloodstream infections using mediation analysis in the population-based HUNT study in Norway
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2022-05-19)Previous studies indicate sex differences in incidence and severity of bloodstream infections (BSI). We examined the effect of sex on risk of BSI, BSI mortality, and BSI caused by the most common infecting bacteria. Using causal mediation analyses, we assessed if this effect is mediated by health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption), education, cardiovascular risk factors (systolic blood pressure, ... -
Factors associated with Chlamydia trachomatis testing in a high school based screening and previously in clinical practice: a cross-sectional study
(Journal article; Tidsskriftartikkel; Peer reviewed, 2013)High school based chlamydia screening has been shown to increase uptake and detect hidden infections among sexually active adolescents. Our study aimed to: i) examine the proportions of 15–20 year-olds tested in a high school based screening and previously in clinical practice, ii) determine chlamydia prevalence according to testing pattern, and iii) examine factors associated with testing in the ...
